Glass is inherently fragile.
Tempering is a thermal process that strengthens the structure of the glass, which allows the glass to be used wherever it is exposed to force. Tempered glass is a safety glass – when broken it breaks into small particles with blunt edges.
Depending on the technology used and customer requirements, tempered glass can be produced in the following versions:
– flat tempered glass (PN-B 13083 and EN 12150 standards),
– bent tempered glass (internal company standard)
Tempered glass can be made in the version of laminated and composite glass in any configuration.
FLAT HARDENED GLASS
maximum glass size: 2400 x 4200 mm
minimum glass size: 250 x 350 mm
glass thickness: monolithic: 4 – 19 mm, laminated: almost every possible packets
shapes: any
types: monolithic, laminated or composite version
application: tempered flat glass is used wherever reinforced glass is not needed – mounting on openings, glass exposed to force
technology: it consists in heating the mat to a high temperature (600 – 700 degrees) and then rapidly cooling with compressed air. The glass can be further processed – lamination, joining
glass features: tempered glass is a safety glass. Due to the hardening process, internal stress changes, increasing its resistance to mechanical (bending, shock, impact) and thermal factors (temperature differences). When the glass’s strength is exceeded, it breaks into small, pieces, reducing the risk of injury. Glass edge machining and drilling of all types of holes can only be done before the toughening process.
TYPES OF FLAT TEMPERED GLASS
monolithic toughened flat glass
(ESG) – a single piece of tempered glass. Strengthening glass by changing internal stresses allows for much better strength parameters compared to non-tempered glass. Today’s technology minimizes the visual effects of hardening, increasing the quality of implemented projects. Broken glass breaks into small, pieces, reducing the risk of injury
glass thickness: 4 – 19 mm,
Mark: ESG
application: hole-mounted glass, exposed to force, balustrades, glass doors, countertops, shower cabins, glazing
toughened and laminated flat glass ESG/VSG
an appropriate hardening method allows to obtain the required set of two or more glass panels to be laminated (glued) with a special foil. The broken sheets are held by a foil sticking them together creating a barrier designed to protect against random events as well as vandalism and burglary. Tempered and laminated glass is used wherever, in addition to durable glass, protection against falling out, falling objects, projectiles, noise, etc. is required. By using a special foil, you can achieve temporary fire protection.
glass thickness: almost every possible packet
Mark: ESG/VSG
ESG – means tempered glass
VSG – means the laminated glass
x – thickness of the first packet format
y – thickness of the second packet format
z – thickness of the used PVB foil – 0.38 mm – 1, 0.76 mm – 2, etc.
application: glass canopies, balustrades, glazing, car and vehicle windows, decorative glass – it is possible to insert decorative elements such as leaves, photos, fabrics, etc. between the glass forms
laminated toughened flat glass (monolithic, laminated)
Joining glass forms into insulating glass allows meeting thermal insulation requirements. Two glass pieces (monolithic or laminated) are joined with a special spacer and sealed. A closed gas package is formed, surrounded by glass. This combination gives excellent thermal insulation. The choice of glass types used also allows for protective functions.
glass thickness: depending on the selected frame and glass -> see insulated glass
mark: x / z / y
x – type / thickness of the first layer glass (markings VSG, ESG, VSG / ESG)
y – type / thickness of the second layer glass (markings VSG, ESG, VSG / ESG
z – thickness of the joining frame used
application: window glass, construction, transport, furniture, industry, refrigeration,
PROPERTIES OF TEMPERED GLASS
Shock resistance – the increased resistance of tempered glass to shocks results in resistance of the glass to a 0,5 kg steel ball falling from the height of 0.3 meters. For comparison, it is worth adding that the same sphere breaks 8 mm non-tempered glass falling from a height of 0.3 meters.
bending resistance – toughened glass presents significantly higher bending resistance than non-toughened glass. This resistance is characterized by the fact that the tension while flexing reaches 120 Mpa.
resistance to thermal stress – tempered glass is resistant to temperatures reaching even 200 ° C.
Crushing – in case of breakage, tempered glass breaks into very small pieces, thus reducing the risk of deep cuts. This interesting feature means that the glass can be used for all structures that require protection against the risk of injury in case of impact and breakage of the glass.
“Heat Soak Test” – spontaneous cracking of tempered glazing cannot be ruled out. excluded. In order to maintain the stability of the structure and its components, both internal and external, and the safety of users, the consequences of this risk should always be considered. The risk of self-breaking glass can be significantly reduced by using additional heat treatment of tempered glass called “Heat Soak Test”. This process involves placing glass elements in the furnace and subjecting them to specific temperatures.
BENT HARDENED GLASS
maximum glass size: 2100 (arc) x 4200 mm
minimum glass size: 600 (arc) x 500 mm
glass thickness: monolithic: 4 – 19 mm, laminated: almost every possible packets
radial: cylinder sections, single radial bending
shapes: any
types: monolithic, laminated or composite version
application: bent tempered glass is used wherever reinforced glass is not needed – mounting on openings, glass exposed to force
technology: it consists in heating the mat to a high temperature (600 – 700 degrees), bending it in a special mechanical process to the required shape, and then rapidly cooling with compressed air. The glass can be further processed – lamination, joining
glass features: Tempered glass is a safety glass. Due to the hardening process, internal stress changes, increasing its resistance to mechanical (bending, shock, impact) and thermal factors (temperature differences). When the glass’s strength is exceeded, it breaks into small, pieces, reducing the risk of injury. Glass edge machining and drilling of all types of holes can only be done before the toughening process.
TYPES OF TEMPERED BENT GLASS
monolithic tempered curved glass
(ESG) – a single piece of bent tempered glass. Strengthening glass by changing internal stresses allows for much better strength parameters compared to non-tempered glass. Today’s technology minimizes the visual effects of hardening, increasing the quality of implemented projects Broken glass breaks into small, pieces, reducing the risk of injury
glass thickness: 5 – 19 mm,
bending radius restrictions:
Mark: ESG
application: hole-mounted glass, exposed to force, balustrades, glass doors, countertops, shower cabins, glazing
tempered and laminated curved glass ESG / VSG
proper selection of glass bending radii allows to obtain the required set of two or more panes laminated (glued) with special foil. Split panes are held together by an adhesive foil creating a barrier which protects against accidental damage, vandalism or burglary. Tempered and laminated glass is used wherever, in addition to durable glass, protection against falling out, falling objects, projectiles, noise, etc. is required. By using a special foil, you can achieve temporary fire protection.
glass thickness: almost every possible packet
bending radius restrictions:
mark: ESG/VSG
ESG – means tempered glass
VSG – means laminated glass
x – thickness of the first packet format
y – thickness of the second packet format
z – thickness of the used PVB foil – 0.38 mm – 1, 0.76 mm – 2, etc.
application: glass canopies, balustrades, glazing, car and vehicle windows, decorative glass – it is possible to insert between the glass forms decorative elements such as leaves, photos, fabrics, etc.
insulated glass, bent, toughened (monolithic, laminated)
Joining glass forms into insulating glass allows meeting thermal insulation requirements. Two glass pieces (monolithic or laminated) are joined with a special spacer and sealed. A closed gas package is formed, surrounded by glass. This combination gives excellent thermal insulation. The choice of glass types used allows to obtain also protective functions.
glass thickness: depending on the selected frame and glass -> see insulated glass
bending radius restrictions:
reference: x / z / y
x – type / thickness of the first layer glass (markings VSG, ESG, VSG / ESG)
y – type / thickness of the second layer glass (markings VSG, ESG, VSG / ESG)
z – thickness of the joining frame used
application: window glass, construction, transport, furniture, industry, refrigeration,
PROPERTIES OF TEMPERED GLASS
Shock resistance – the increased resistance of tempered glass to shocks results in resistance of the glass to a 0,5 kg steel ball falling from the height of 0.3 meters. For comparison, it is worth adding that the same sphere breaks 8 mm of non-tempered glass falling from a height of 0.3 meters.
bending resistance – toughened glass presents significantly higher bending resistance than non-toughened glass. This resistance is characterized by the fact that the bending stress reaches 120 Mpa.
resistance to thermal stress – tempered glass is resistant to temperatures reaching even 200 ° C.
Crushing – in case of breakage, tempered glass breaks into very small pieces, thus reducing the risk of deep cuts. This interesting feature means that the glass can be used for all structures that require protection against the risk of injury in case of impact and breakage of the glass.
“Heat Soak Test” – spontaneous cracking of tempered glazing cannot be ruled out. excluded. In order to maintain the stability of the structure and its components, both internal and external, and the safety of users, the consequences of this risk should always be considered. The risk of self-breaking glass can be significantly reduced by using additional heat treatment of tempered glass called “Heat Soak Test”. This process involves placing glass elements in the furnace and subjecting them to specific temperatures.
